ABSTRACT
The recent vaccination campaign targeting the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) carried out in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, on the background of the current unstable global pandemic situation, makes it necessary to study post-vaccination population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and thus identify key features of immunity in organized military collectives. In the future, this will make it possible to objectively assess the risks of a worsening pandemic situation, effectively adjust the ongoing sanitary and anti-epidemic measures aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of military personnel, as one of the main conditions for maintaining the combat readiness of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. During a study conducted on epidemic indications, it was found that vaccination with Gam-Covid-Vac contributes to the formation of collective immunity with 95% effectiveness. A gender-based analysis of the immune response showed that the proportion of persons who lack class G immunoglobulins to SARS-CoV-2 among females is twice than that among men (9.3% and 4.7%, respectively). Seroprevalence indicators, classified by blood group, range from 94.4% (AB (IV) Rh–) to 97.4% (A (II) Rh–). There were no significant differences in seroprevalence between groups of people with different blood groups;however, the highest value of seroprevalence was seen among military personnel with blood group A (II) Rh–. In this context, it is advisable to continue monitoring the formation of immunity in individuals with various blood groups. The results obtained made it possible to form a primary medical and social "portrait” of a serviceman with the most adequate immune response to the introduction of the Gam-Covid-Vac vaccine (a man under the age of 20 with blood type A (II) Rh–) and to draw a conclusion about the high effectiveness of vaccination in military units (formations) staffed by conscripts and military educational organizations. The article can be used under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license © Authors, 2022.
ABSTRACT
The experience of medical maintenance for assembly events annually held on the basis of the educational process of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov. The main directions of the organization of sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures among the personnel at each stage of the camp gathering have been determined. It is shown that at the preparatory stage it is advisable to develop additional plans that concretize sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures for the stages of the camp gathering. At the stage of accepting participants, the main direction is the organization of events that prevent the introduction of infection with the arriving personnel. At the main stage of the camp training, the leading role belongs to disinfection measures. At the stage of departure of participants, the main efforts should be focused on minimizing the potential risk of infection along the route and the introduction of infection into their military units. The features of disinfection are described depending on the type of object being processed. The results of testing a designed device for fixing dispensers with a skin antiseptic on the basis of a unified military stand in a camp gathering are presented. The features of the organization of medical control over the material and household provision of the personnel of the training camp are stated. The basic principles of prophylaxis and anti-epidemic protection during assembly activities in the context of the spread of COVID-19 have been formulated. © 2019 Eco-Vector LLC. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The recent vaccination campaign targeting the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) carried out in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, on the background of the current unstable global pandemic situation, makes it necessary to study post-vaccination population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and thus identify key features of immunity in organized military collectives. In the future, this will make it possible to objectively assess the risks of a worsening pandemic situation, effectively adjust the ongoing sanitary and anti-epidemic measures aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of military personnel, as one of the main conditions for maintaining the combat readiness of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. During a study conducted on epidemic indications, it was found that vaccination with Gam-Covid-Vac contributes to the formation of collective immunity with 95% effectiveness. A gender-based analysis of the immune response showed that the proportion of persons who lack class G immunoglobulins to SARS-CoV-2 among females is twice than that among men (9.3% and 4.7%, respectively). Seroprevalence indicators, classified by blood group, range from 94.4% (AB (IV) Rh-) to 97.4% (A (II) Rh-). There were no significant differences in seroprevalence between groups of people with different blood groups;however, the highest value of seroprevalence was seen among military personnel with blood group A (II) Rh-. In this context, it is advisable to continue monitoring the formation of immunity in individuals with various blood groups. The results obtained made it possible to form a primary medical and social "portrait" of a serviceman with the most adequate immune response to the introduction of the Gam-Covid-Vac vaccine (a man under the age of 20 with blood type A (II) Rh-) and to draw a conclusion about the high effectiveness of vaccination in military units (formations) staffed by conscripts and military educational organizations.
ABSTRACT
The article presents the results of a study of the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the vaccine Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V) when used in military personnel undergoing military service on conscription. From 300 military personnel consistently vaccinated with one and two components of Gam-COVID-Vac at the intervals of 21 days, blood serum was obtained and examined three times: before vaccination, and 30 and 60 days after the introduction of the first component of the vaccine. In the blood serums, the content of Class G antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 was determined by the method of solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. After immunization with the Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine, the average geometric titer of Class G antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 -in the blood serum of a military personnel obtained during the second and third examinations (5.02 log2 and 5.67 log2) increased by 2.4 and 2.7 times, respectively (p < 0.05), compared to the same indicator before the vaccination (2.11 log2). Total of 30 days after the introduction of the first component of the vaccine (Nine days after the introduction of the second component of the vaccine), Class G antibodies to the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 were detected in the 86.7% of military personnel, and after 60 days - in 92% of vaccinated. Studies have revealed moderate reactogenicity of the vaccine. Moreover, the proportion of postvaccination reactions in the first 3-5 days after the introduction of the second component of the vaccine was less after the introduction of the first component of the vaccine. So, if after the introduction of the first component of the vaccine, an increase in body temperature > 37 degrees C was observed in 20% of military personnel, then after the introduction of the second component only in 9%, and the share of local reactions decreased from 9-4%. There have been no cases of serious adverse events after immunization of military personnel with the Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine.
ABSTRACT
Relevance. Despite the successes achieved in the fight against COVID-19 and the beginning of mass vaccination, the epidemiological situation remains quite tense, especially in foreign countries. Therefore, there is still a need to maintain the imposed restrictive and anti-epidemic measures, which may increase depending on changes in the epidemiological situation. As the experience of working in the context of a pandemic shows, it is advisable to use the principles of military epidemiology in the practical activities of various specialists in the national health system. They are based on a grouping of medical and non-medical measures aimed at preventing infection drifts, its spread in groups of people and in specific territories, and its removal outside of epidemic foci. Specific immunization of the population against the new coronavirus infection is important, which will ensure the stabilization and smooth out the course of the epidemic process. Aims. To analyze the current state of the global spread of the new coronavirus infection and to consider the possibility of applying the principles of military epidemiology in the fight against the new coronavirus infection. Conclusions. Based on the results of the analysis of literature sources and personal practical experience in the fight against COVID-19, the most effective measures of anti-epidemic protection of the population to date are summarized. Approaches to the organization of sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures based on the principles of military epidemiology are proposed: the separation of medical care for infectious patients and their sorting according to the severity of the disease;the maximum approach to the served contingents of anti-epidemic forces and means, taking into account the current sanitary and epidemiological situation;continuous implementation of sanitary and anti-epidemic measures until the elimination of epidemic foci;ensuring the mobility and constant readiness of the forces and means involved in carrying out sanitary and anti-epidemic measures. © 2021, Numikom. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The experience of medical maintenance for assembly events annually held on the basis of the educational process of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov. The main directions of the organization of sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures among the personnel at each stage of the camp gathering have been determined. It is shown that at the preparatory stage it is advisable to develop additional plans that concretize sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures for the stages of the camp gathering. At the stage of accepting participants, the main direction is the organization of events that prevent the introduction of infection with the arriving personnel. At the main stage of the camp training, the leading role belongs to disinfection measures. At the stage of departure of participants, the main efforts should be focused on minimizing the potential risk of infection along the route and the introduction of infection into their military units. The features of disinfection are described depending on the type of object being processed. The results of testing a designed device for fixing dispensers with a skin antiseptic on the basis of a unified military stand in a camp gathering are presented. The features of the organization of medical control over the material and household provision of the personnel of the training camp are stated. The basic principles of prophylaxis and anti-epidemic protection during assembly activities in the context of the spread of COVID-19 have been formulated.